What microdeletion syndromes are, why professional bodies disagree about screening for them, and how to decide whether an expanded NIPT panel suits you.
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When Group B Streptococcus screening is done in pregnancy, which swabs are taken, what a positive result changes, and why GBS is not an STI.
Which STI tests can genuinely return results in hours, which cannot, and how express PCR testing works in Bangkok.
How HIV testing works in Bangkok, the difference between rapid, fourth-generation and RNA tests, and when a negative result can be trusted.
How syphilis testing works, why two different blood tests are needed, what an RPR titre tells you and how treated infection is distinguished from active disease.
A practical sequence for fertility testing in Bangkok: which bloods on which cycle day, what ultrasound adds, and when to stop testing and see a specialist.
Why reference ranges differ between laboratories, how unit conversions cause false alarms, and how to tell a meaningful abnormal result from noise.
A practical cycle-day and time-of-day reference for every common hormone blood test, including what to do when cycles are irregular.
Which tests to run before starting testosterone therapy, the follow-up schedule, and the safety markers that must not be skipped.
Why menopause over 45 is a clinical diagnosis, when FSH testing is appropriate, and which tests genuinely change management during the transition.