When to draw estradiol, why the day of the cycle changes everything, what it adds in menopause assessment and how it is used in men.
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Why NIPT starts at 10 weeks, how gestational age affects fetal fraction, and how to plan timing around the dating scan and confirmatory options.
Why Ureaplasma parvum, U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are usually normal flora, what a positive result means and when treatment is justified.
How luteinising hormone is used to time ovulation, what the LH to FSH ratio means in PCOS, and how blood LH differs from urine ovulation kits.
The difference between sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in NIPT, and why a high-risk result is often not what it appears.
Why M. genitalium requires macrolide resistance testing, who should be tested, and why asymptomatic screening is not recommended.
When to draw FSH in the menstrual cycle, what it shows in menopause assessment and male infertility, and why it must be read with estradiol and LH.
What non-invasive prenatal testing screens for, when it can be taken, how accurate it really is and why it is a screening test rather than a diagnosis.
Why gonorrhoea needs both PCR and culture, which sites to swab, and how antimicrobial resistance affects treatment and test of cure in Thailand.
When a DHEA-sulphate test is genuinely useful, what a high or low result suggests, and why it belongs in a panel rather than on its own.