Why reference ranges differ between laboratories, how unit conversions cause false alarms, and how to tell a meaningful abnormal result from noise.
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What IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 actually indicate, why age-adjusted ranges are essential, and why these are not anti-ageing screening tests.
A practical cycle-day and time-of-day reference for every common hormone blood test, including what to do when cycles are irregular.
When to draw FSH in the menstrual cycle, what it shows in menopause assessment and male infertility, and why it must be read with estradiol and LH.
Total versus free testosterone, why the 8-10am draw matters, what to test alongside it and how MedEx testosterone testing works in Bangkok and nationwide.
When to draw estradiol, why the day of the cycle changes everything, what it adds in menopause assessment and how it is used in men.
How luteinising hormone is used to time ovulation, what the LH to FSH ratio means in PCOS, and how blood LH differs from urine ovulation kits.
What sex hormone binding globulin does, what raises and lowers it, and why testing SHBG alongside testosterone or estradiol prevents misdiagnosis.
When a DHEA-sulphate test is genuinely useful, what a high or low result suggests, and why it belongs in a panel rather than on its own.
Why cortisol must be drawn at 8am, when saliva or 24-hour urine testing is used, and why adrenal fatigue is not a diagnosis a cortisol test can make.